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crochet

Since crochet stitches are different from the front and the back, crocheted items are an effective way to illustrate what it means for a surface to be orientable or non-orientable. To do this, let's look at perhaps the most famous non-orientable surfaces: a Möbius strip.

Animation of a ball moving along the edge of a Möbius strip

You can construct a Möbius strip with a piece of paper and some tape. Cut the paper into a strip, give it a half-twist, and join the ends together. Congratulations! You have made a Möbius strip, a surface with a single boundary curve.

A surface is orientable if there is a consistent definition of "clockwise" and "counter-clockwise" across the entire domain. I like to visualize this with the right-hand rule:

Right hand curled counter-clockwise around an arrow pointing in the direction of the thumb

We can think of each crochet stitch as having surface normal vectors pointing through out of the work on the front and into the work on the back. Via the right hand rule, these surface normals correspond to a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. (illustration of the right hand rule on a crocheted work)

On an orientable surface, like this ring, "clockwise" is the same direction across the whole domain. But on a Möbius strip, this is not the case! We can see this clearly by crocheting these two surfaces and comparing the direction that the stitches face.

Crochet instructions: orientable and non-orientable surfaces

Supplies: yarn, crochet hook

Orientable surface

  1. Foundation single crochet until your work is about 8" (~20cm) long. Join with slip stitch in the top of the first stitch.
  2. Crochet in the round until your work is the desired height. Fasten off and weave in ends.
  3. Bonus: using different colors, crochet around the top and bottom edges to illustrate that there are two boundary curves for this surface!

Non-orientable surface

  1. Foundation single crochet until your work is about 8" (~20cm) long. Join with slip stitch in the BOTTOM of the first stitch.
  2. Crochet in the round until your work is the desired height. Fasten off and weave in ends.
  3. Bonus: using a different color, crochet along the edge to illustrate that there is one boundary curve. Enjoy the feeling of making your way around the entire work without having to "lift" your hook!

(include photos of the two crocheted pieces)